"To light us to freedom, and glory again!":
The Role of Civil War Poetry
 
 
Some examples of different types of Civil War poetr:
 
Type One: Early Poems Of Unity
 
Leading up to the Civil War, and during the early periods of the war, poems of unity were intended to unite the citizens of the North or of the South.
 
Poem: "Ethnogensis" (found on pages 100-104)
 
               Page 100
               Page 101 
               Page 102 
               Page 103 
               Page 104
 
Poem: "Hurrah for the South"
 
Poem: "Hurrah for the Union!" (found on page 46)
 
               Page 46
 
 
Type Two: Calls to Arms
 
A second type of Civil War poetry, "calls to arms," called men of the north and south, respectively, to join the army and fight for their side.
 
Poem: "The Texan Marseillaise" (scroll down to page 385)
 
               Page 385
 
Poem: "A Cry to Arms" (found on pages 83-85)
 
               Page 83
               Page 84
               Page 85
 
Poem: "My Maryland"
 
Poem: "Answer to 'My Maryland'"  (found on pages 243-244)
 
               Page 243 
               Page 244
 
Poem: "300,000 More"
 
 
Type Three: Poems about Women's Contribution to the War
 
Another type of poetry published early during the war was written by women and grappled with the issue of how women, who couldn't fight in the war, might contribute to the war effort.  
 
Poem: "The Will for the Deed" (scroll down to page 238)
 
               Page 238
 
 
Type Four: The Quest for a National Song
 
Another type of poetry written during the war was set to music and attempted to function—or became so popular that they effectively did function—as national songs that represented the ideals and missions of each side.
 
Poem: "The Southern Cross"
 
Poem: "Battle Hymn of the Republic"
 
Howe's personal account of how the "Battle Hymn of the Republic" came to be written  (scroll down to pages 706-709)
 
               Page 706
               Page 707
               Page 708
               Page 709
 
 
Type Five: Poems about Individual Soldier's Experiences
 

Although the calls to arms, poems of unity, and the other types of poems mentioned above were published throughout the war, another type of poetry that was published during the war and grew more popular as the war progressed was poetry that focused on the individual soldier's experience of war.  This type of poetry was, in a way, intended to help people face the grim reality of the war, to make sense of soldiers' sacrifice, and to memorialize their efforts.  It was also a way to connect the experiences of soldiers, who were often far away from home, with those remaining at home.

 

Poem: "Somebody's Darling" (scroll down to page 450)

 

Page 450

 

Poem:The Dying Confederate’s Last Words

 

Poem:The Picket-Guard

 
 
Type Six: Humorous Poems
 
There were other types of poems published during the Civil War as well, including humorous poems on all subjects.  
 
Poem: "The Craven" 
 
 
Type Seven: Postwar Poems
 
There were many different types of poems written after the war.  Some of them memorialized fallen heroes; some Southern poems expressed continued defiance towards the North despite losing the war; and some Northern poems depicted the South as an evil overcome by the forces of good.  For the most part, though, poems written by the North and South weren't hostile to the other side.  
 
Poem: "The Conquered Banner"
 

Poem: "The Blue and the Gray"